Engineering-grade analysis of the world's most consequential earthquake events — translated into the language of PML, AAL, EP curves, and protection gap. Authored by Dynamis Associates.
Back-to-back M7.8 and M7.7 earthquakes. USD 104,000M in losses — only 5% insured. How building code non-compliance turns a modeled risk into a balance-sheet shock, and what accumulation managers missed.
10.7 million people. 280 years since the last great rupture. An April 2026 M4.9 swarm signals what Lima's seismic gap means for re/insurers — and why current cat models underestimate the tail.
The highest insurance penetration ratio in earthquake history — and still, models failed. Liquefaction losses, correlated sequences, and near-field PGA scenarios that ergodic models systematically miss.
M8.8 megathrust — the fifth-largest earthquake ever recorded. PML exceedance, tsunami compound losses, and why aggregation control failed across the Santiago–Concepción corridor.
M7.1 — a crustal earthquake in a subduction zone, the event class most cat models underweight. USD 4,700M in economic losses; cat reinsurance premiums rose 15–30%. What accumulation managers need to price intraslab risk.
